Question 1

What are HEX, RGB, HSL, and HSV color formats?

Accepted Answer

HEX is a 6-digit hexadecimal representation of RGB values (#RRGGBB). Each pair of hex digits (00-FF) represents one color channel (red, green, blue) from 0 to 255. RGB (red, green, blue) uses three integer values 0-255 or percentages. HSL (hue, saturation, lightness) is more intuitive for designers: hue is the color wheel angle (0-360°), saturation is color intensity (0-100%), lightness is brightness (0% = black, 100% = white, 50% = pure color). HSV (hue, saturation, value) is similar but value represents brightness differently — used in photo editing software like Photoshop.

Question 2

How do you convert HEX to RGB?

Accepted Answer

Split the 6-digit hex string into three 2-digit pairs and convert each from hexadecimal to decimal: #FF8C00 → R=FF=255, G=8C=140, B=00=0 → rgb(255, 140, 0). In JavaScript: const r = parseInt(hex.slice(1,3),16), g = parseInt(hex.slice(3,5),16), b = parseInt(hex.slice(5,7),16). For 3-digit shorthand (#F80): expand each digit by doubling it (#FF8800) then convert.

Question 3

How do you convert RGB to HSL?

Accepted Answer

Normalize R, G, B to 0-1. Find max and min values. Lightness L = (max+min)/2. If max=min, S=0 and H=0 (achromatic/gray). Otherwise: S = (max-min)/(1-|2L-1|). H depends on which channel is max: if max=R: H = 60 × ((G-B)/(max-min) mod 6), if max=G: H = 60 × ((B-R)/(max-min) + 2), if max=B: H = 60 × ((R-G)/(max-min) + 4). This formula is used in CSS color functions.

Question 4

What is the difference between HSL and HSV/HSB?

Accepted Answer

Both HSL and HSV have the same Hue component. The difference is in the second two: HSL Lightness=50% is a pure color (like noon sun), Lightness=100% is white, Lightness=0% is black. HSV Value=100% is the brightest pure color, Value=0% is black — there is no way to reach white by changing Value alone (you need to reduce Saturation). Photoshop uses HSB (hue, saturation, brightness — same as HSV). CSS uses HSL. For web design, HSL is more intuitive.

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