Question 1

What is Morse code?

Accepted Answer

Morse code is a character encoding system that represents letters, digits, and punctuation as sequences of short signals (dots) and long signals (dashes). Developed by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail in the 1830s for telegraphy, it was the dominant long-distance communication method before radio voice transmission. Each character has a unique pattern: E is a single dot (the most frequent letter in English), T is a single dash. The ITU standard (International Morse Code) is still used in amateur radio and aviation.

Question 2

How do I read Morse code?

Accepted Answer

Each letter, digit, and common punctuation mark has a unique pattern of dots (short) and dashes (long). Word boundaries are marked by longer pauses. Common patterns: E = ·, T = −, A = ·−, N = −·, I = ··, M = −−, S = ···, O = −−−. The SOS distress signal is ···−−−··· (three dots, three dashes, three dots). Numbers are five-symbol patterns: 1 = ·−−−−, 5 = ·····, 0 = −−−−−.

Question 3

What characters does Morse code support?

Accepted Answer

International Morse Code supports all 26 Latin letters (A-Z), digits 0-9, and common punctuation: period, comma, question mark, apostrophe, exclamation mark, slash, parentheses, ampersand, colon, semicolon, equals sign, plus, minus, underscore, quotation mark, dollar sign, and at sign. Accented characters (é, ñ, ä, etc.) have codes in the ITU standard but are less universally supported. Characters not in the Morse alphabet (like # or *) cannot be encoded.

Question 4

What is the difference between dot and dit, dash and dah?

Accepted Answer

These are different naming conventions for the same symbols. Dots are sometimes called 'dits' (the word mimics the short tone), and dashes are called 'dahs' (mimics the long tone). This terminology comes from audio Morse code: when transmitted as sound, a dot sounds like 'dit' and a dash sounds like 'dah'. In written form, dots (·) and dashes (−) are used. In timing: a dash is 3× the duration of a dot; the gap between symbols in the same letter is 1× dot; the gap between letters is 3×; the gap between words is 7×.

Morse Code Converter

Common Morse Code Reference

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Char	Code	Char	Code	Char	Code
A	·−	J	·−−−	S	···
B	−···	K	−·−	T	−
C	−·−·	L	·−··	U	··−
D	−··	M	−−	V	···−
E	·	N	−·	W	·−−
F	··−·	O	−−−	X	−··−
G	−−·	P	·−−·	Y	−·−−
H	····	Q	−−·−	Z	−−··
I	··	R	·−·	SOS	···−−−···